Term

Definition

Source of Material

Sustainability Considerations

Acrylic

A synthetic fiber made from polymers of acrylonitrile. Used in clothing, blankets, and carpets as a wool substitute.

Petroleum-based chemicals

Generally not considered sustainable as it's derived from fossil fuels and is not biodegradable. Manufacturing can release harmful emissions. Recycled acrylic is a better option. Microplastics are also a concern.

Aramid Fibers (Kevlar, Nomex)

Strong, heat-resistant synthetic fibers. Used in protective clothing, bulletproof vests, and high-performance applications.

Petroleum-based chemicals

Generally not considered sustainable as they're derived from fossil fuels and are not biodegradable. Recycling processes are being developed. Their use in specialized applications often outweighs sustainability concerns due to their protective properties.

Elastane (Spandex/Lycra)

A highly elastic synthetic fiber used to add stretch to fabrics.

Petroleum-based chemicals

Generally not considered sustainable as it's derived from fossil fuels and is not biodegradable. Microplastics are a concern. Small amounts are often blended with other fibers, making recycling difficult.

Microfibers (Polyester, Nylon)

Extremely fine synthetic fibers, often polyester or nylon. Used in sportswear, cleaning cloths, and other applications.

Petroleum-based chemicals

Generally not considered sustainable as they're derived from fossil fuels and are not biodegradable. A major source of microplastic pollution in waterways. Use of recycled microfibers is preferable.

Modacrylic

A synthetic fiber similar to acrylic, but flame-retardant. Used in fake fur, wigs, and protective clothing.

Petroleum-based chemicals

Generally not considered sustainable as it's derived from fossil fuels and is not biodegradable. Similar environmental concerns to acrylic.

Nylon

A strong, durable, and lightweight synthetic fiber. Used in hosiery, activewear, and outerwear.

Petroleum-based chemicals

Generally not considered sustainable as it's derived from fossil fuels and is not biodegradable. Recycled nylon is a more sustainable option. Microplastic pollution is a concern.

Olefin

A synthetic fiber made from polyolefins (polypropylene or polyethylene). Used in carpets, upholstery, and activewear.

Petroleum-based chemicals

Generally not considered sustainable as it's derived from fossil fuels and is not biodegradable. Recycling is possible but not widely practiced.

Polyester

A versatile and widely used synthetic fiber. Often blended with other fibers.

Petroleum-based chemicals

Generally not considered sustainable as it's derived from fossil fuels and is not biodegradable. Recycled polyester (rPET) is a more sustainable option and is becoming increasingly common. Microplastic pollution is a major concern.

Polyurethane (PU) Leather

A synthetic leather made from polyurethane. Used in clothing, accessories, and upholstery.

Petroleum-based chemicals

Generally not considered sustainable as it's derived from fossil fuels and is not biodegradable. Can contain harmful chemicals. Alternatives like recycled PU leather and plant-based leather are more sustainable.

Rayon (Viscose)

A semi-synthetic fiber derived from cellulose (wood pulp), but it involves chemical processing. Used in clothing and home textiles.

Cellulose (wood pulp) treated with chemicals

While derived from a renewable resource (wood), the chemical processing involved makes it less sustainable than some other plant-based fibers. Lyocell, which uses a closed-loop system, is a more sustainable alternative.

Triacetate

A synthetic fiber similar to acetate, but more wrinkle-resistant. Used in clothing and linings.

Cellulose (wood pulp) treated with chemicals

Similar sustainability concerns to rayon, as it involves chemical processing of wood pulp. Less common than other synthetic fibers.